Surface charge and zeta potential modulate colloid interactions near matter surfaces, dictating stability, deposition, and electrokinetic transport.
Surface functionalization adds reactive groups to matter surfaces, enabling bioconjugation, antifouling behaviors, and selective capture of target molecules.
Plasma treatments activate matter surfaces, introducing radicals and polar groups that improve adhesion and dye uptake without bulk material changes.
The surface energy of materials controls wettability, with low-energy matter surfaces resisting water and high-energy surfaces promoting spreading and strong adhesion.
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